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Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a genetic neuromuscular disorder characterised by the progressive loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem. This leads to muscle weakness and atrophy (wasting) because the muscles do not receive proper signals from the nerves.
Motor Neuron Disease (MND) is a group of progressive neurological disorders that affect the motor neurons — the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles (those involved in movement). When these neurons degenerate and die, the muscles they control become weak and waste away (atrophy).
Spinal Injury refers to damage to the spinal cord or the bones, discs, or ligaments in the spine. It can result from trauma (like a car accident, fall, or sports injury) or diseases (like tumours or infections). This damage can disrupt communication between the brain and the rest of the body, leading to loss of sensation, movement, or function below the injury site.
Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a group of permanent movement and posture disorders caused by damage to the developing brain, usually before or shortly after birth. It affects muscle tone, movement, and motor skills, often leading to difficulties with coordination, balance, and posture.
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterised by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical activity in the brain that temporarily affect how a person behaves, moves, feels, or thinks.
Huntington’s Disease is a rare, inherited neurodegenerative disorder that causes the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain. It leads to movement problems, cognitive decline, and psychiatric symptoms.
Parkinson's Disease is a chronic and progressive neurological disorder that primarily affects movement. It occurs when nerve cells (neurons) in a part of the brain called the substantia nigra become damaged or die. These neurons normally produce a chemical messenger called dopamine, which is essential for coordinating smooth and balanced muscle movement.
A Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) occurs when the spinal cord is damaged, disrupting the communication between the brain and the rest of the body. This damage can lead to loss of sensation, movement, or both below the level of the injury.
Neurodegenerative Diseases are a group of disorders characterised by the progressive degeneration and death of nerve cells (neurons) in the brain and/or spinal cord. This loss of neurons leads to problems with movement, cognition, memory, and other brain functions.
Acquired Brain Injury & Traumatic Brain Injury refers to any brain damage that happens after birth, not caused by a genetic or congenital condition. It can result from various causes and can be traumatic or non-traumatic. Traumatic Brain Injury is a subset of ABI caused specifically by an external physical force, like a blow or jolt to the head.
Dystonia is a neurological movement disorder characterised by involuntary muscle contractions that cause repetitive movements or abnormal postures. These muscle contractions can be sustained or intermittent and often lead to twisting, tremors, or awkward positions of the affected body parts.
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